History of Scarborough
Scarborough, a charming seaside town on the North Yorkshire coast, has a rich history spanning over 3,000 years. Founded in the 10th century by Viking Thorgil Skarthi, the town’s name derives from “Skarthi’s burh.” The headland, now home to Scarborough Castle, was occupied as early as 2100 BC, with evidence of Iron Age settlements around 800 BC and a Roman signal station in the 4th century. The town became Britain’s first seaside resort in the 17th century after the discovery of acidic spa waters, attracting wealthy visitors from London. Scarborough Fair, a 45-day medieval market, was a significant event from the 13th to 18th centuries, immortalized in the famous folk song. During the English Civil War, the town and castle changed hands seven times, enduring brutal sieges. Today, Scarborough thrives as a tourist destination with a vibrant fishing industry and a growing digital economy.
Perched on a rocky promontory overlooking the North Sea, Scarborough Castle is a must-visit landmark with a 3,000-year history. Initiated by William le Gros in the 1130s, the castle was developed into a major royal fortress by Henry II, who built the Great Keep between 1158-64. King John invested heavily, spending over £2,291 to fortify it, making it a key stronghold to control Yorkshire. The castle endured sieges during the Civil War, with the Great Tower’s western wall collapsing in 1645. It also faced bombardment from German warships in 1914 during World War I. Managed by English Heritage, the castle offers panoramic views of North and South Bays, an audio tour covering its Iron Age, Roman, and medieval past, and a museum in the 18th-century Master Gunner’s House displaying artifacts like a Bronze Age sword. Visitors can explore the ruins, enjoy tea at the coffee shed, and attend summer events like pirate-themed activities or the annual Kite Festival.
Peaseholm Park Scarbourough’s Oriental Jewel
Nestled in the heart of Scarborough’s North Bay, Peasholm Park stands as one of England’s most unique and enchanting public spaces. This meticulously designed Oriental-themed garden offers visitors a tranquil escape from the bustling seaside resort, transporting them to a serene Eastern paradise that has delighted generations since its opening in 1912.
Recreational Pursuits
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Peasholm Park offers numerous recreational activities for visitors:
- Boating: Rent traditional rowboats or distinctive dragon-headed pedal boats to explore the tranquil waters of the lake at your own pace.
- Woodland Walks: Discover hidden pathways through beautifully maintained gardens featuring rare trees and vibrant seasonal flowerbeds.
- Peasholm Glen: Follow the cascading natural stream through this peaceful wooded ravine, home to diverse wildlife and peaceful contemplation spots.
- Bandstand Concerts: During summer months, the park’s historic bandstand hosts regular live music performances, from brass bands to contemporary ensembles.
- Picnic Areas: Spacious lawns and dedicated seating areas provide perfect spots for family gatherings and leisurely outdoor meals.
Other Activities
Rotunda Museum: Explore Yorkshire’s geology and archaeology, including dinosaur footprints and local fossils. A great stop for history enthusiasts.
Sea Life Scarborough: Discover marine life from local shores to tropical seas, with interactive exhibits for all ages.
Scarborough Open Air Theatre: Europe’s largest open-air theater, hosting major acts like Jess Glynne. Check events at Scarborough OAT.Central Tramway: Ride the Victorian funicular train linking the town center to South Bay’s harbor for scenic views.
In case of an emergency, use the following contacts:
- Emergency Services (Police, Fire, Ambulance): Call 999
- Non-Emergency Police: Call 101
- Scarborough Hospital: Woodlands Dr, Scarborough YO12 6QL, +44 1723 368111
- Coastguard (RNLI): Call 999 for sea emergencies
- NHS Non-Emergency: Call 111 for medical advice
For sea-related emergencies, the RNLI operates a 24-hour lifesaving service. Always call 999 and ask for the Coastguard if at sea.
Travel Information
By Train
Scarborough has a train station on the Scarborough-York line, with connections to York, Doncaster, and Manchester. Check National Rail for schedules.
By Car
Scarborough is accessible via the A64 from York or the A171 from Middlesbrough. Parking is available at the South Bay car park and near Peasholm Park.
By Bus
Regular bus services connect Scarborough to Whitby, Filey, and Bridlington. Visit the Discover Yorkshire Coast website for routes.
Local Tips
- Visit the Tourist Information Point at Stephen Joseph Theatre (Westborough, Scarborough, YO11 1JW) for brochures and local advice.
- Try fresh seafood at restaurants like The Famous Fish Pan or Papa’s on South Bay.
- Check the weather forecast before coastal walks, as conditions can change rapidly.
- Book accommodation early for summer events like the Scarborough Open Air Theatre concerts.
- Explore nearby Whitby (20 miles north) for its abbey and Dracula connection.